What is Denosumab and what are the notable side effects ?

-

Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand, preventing activation of RANK, which disrupts osteoclast maturation and activation.

The most common adverse event overall was hypocalcemia, which occurred in 5% of patients despite supplementation with vitamin D and calcium. 

The most common severe adverse event was hypophosphatemia, which occurred in 3% of patients.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is an infrequent but serious complication of treatment with denosumab. 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Von Willebrand disease Summary

-
Pathophysiology: ·          Most common bleeding disorder. ·          Prevalence of symptomatic disease ranges from 1/100 to 1/10,000. ·          The transition is autosomal dominant for most types and rarely inherited in a recessive manner. ·          vWF is a large multimeric glycoprotein produced in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells. ·          Plasma vWF, mostly released from stored vWF in Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells. ·          Platelet vWF is stored in alpha granules and is released upon platelet activation. ·          The main roles of vWF in hemostasis are: o    Promote platelet adhesion to the exposed subendothelium. o    Serve as a chaperone for factor VIII in plasma, protecting it from proteolytic degradation ·          Classification of VWD: o    Type 1: Partial quantitative defect in vWF o    Type 3: Absolute quantitative defect in vWF o    Type 2: Qualitative defect in vWF vWD type 1: ·          Partial quantitative deficien
Read more

Treatment of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma Summary

-
Early stage favorable Hodgkin’s lymphoma ·          HD 10 trial: NEJM 2010: o    1370 pts, 4 arms: §   4 cycles of ABVD followed by 30 Gy §   4 cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy §   2 cycles of ABVD followed by 30 Gy §   2 cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy o    No difference in freedom from treatment failure, OS at 5 yrs o    2 cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy should be the new standard of care Unfavorable characteristics Bulky disease (>10 cm or 1/3 max. transverse thorax diameter Extranodal site involvement 3 or more lymph node areas involved ESR > 50 mm/h or > 30 mm/hr with B symptoms.                                                                                                                                           Early stage unfavorable Hodgkin’s lymphoma ·          HD 11 trial: JCO 2010 o    1395 pts, 4 arms: §   4 cycles of ABVD followed by 30 Gy of IFRT §   4 cycles of ABVD foll
Read more

Ovarian Cancer Summary

-
Epidemiology ·          5 th most common cancer among women. ·          Leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. ·          4% of cancers among women in the U.S. ·          Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for 90% of all cases. ·          Fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer are much rare, but share histologic, prognostic and treatment response features with epithelial ovarian cancer. ·          25% of women presents with stage I, 15% with stage II, 42% with stage III and 17% with stage IV. ·          10% of cancers of the ovary are non-epithelial. They are classified as either sex cord stromal cell tumors or germ cell tumors Risk factors and presentation ·          Non-specific discomfort, Urinary frequency, persistent bloating and constipation. ·          Mean age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer in 59. ·          Increasing age is one of the strongest risk factor for developing ovarian cancer. ·          Family history is the next strongest
Read more